@article {83046,
	title = {Shifting signals: Correlations among freshwater, marine and climatic indices often investigated in Pacific salmon studies},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {121},
	number = {Article 10716},
	year = {2021},
	note = {This article is about the correlations and cross-connections between different environmental indices, and how they can be better used to understand environmental conditions in a changing climate.  The authors used 43 freshwater, marine and climate indices to examine 72 river sites in Washington, Oregon, California and Idaho. {\textquotedblleft}As the climate continues to change, it becomes more evident that maintaining a mindset encompassing static processes limits our abilities to explain patterns among environmental indices. This recognition in the context of multiple climatic teleconnections will help foster the development and utility of more resilient methodological approaches that account for changing correlations{\textquotedblright} (p.17). This is an open-access article.},
	month = {2021, Feb.},
	pages = {18 p.},
	keywords = {Alsea River, California Current, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, climate, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coquille River, environmental monitoring, Lower Umpqua River, mathematical modeling, North Fork Nehelem River, Siletz River, South Umpqua River},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107167 },
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20311067?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Gosselin, Jennifer L. and Crozier, Lisa G. and Burke, Brian J}
}
@article {76961,
	title = {Evaluation of non-traditional modelling techniques for forecasting salmon returns},
	journal = {Fisheries Management and Ecology},
	volume = {22 },
	year = {2015},
	note = {Natural resource managers need to be able to forecast salmon runs, but this can be difficult without enough data to compensate for {\textquotedblleft}potential explanatory variables.{\textquotedblright}  This paper compares three traditional modeling techniques with five non-traditional methods.  The authors used data from 1997 to 2012 for 18 coho salmon and seven fall-run Chinook salmon populations to predict run sizes.  Positive aspects and potential dangers of non-traditional modeling techniques are discussed.},
	month = {2015, Aug.},
	pages = {p.269{\textendash}348},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coos River, Coquille River, fecundity, Lower Umpqua River, Middle Umpqua River, natural resource management, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca River, North Umpqua River, Salmon River, Siletz River, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, South Umpqua River, statistical analysis, Tillamook River, Yaquina River},
	doi = {10.1111/fme.12122},
	author = {McCormick, J.  L. and Falcy, M. R.}
}
@book {36881,
	title = {Biological recovery criteria for the Oregon Coast coho salmon evolutionarily significant unit},
	series = {NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC},
	volume = {no.91},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center},
	organization = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center},
	address = {[Seattle, Wa.]},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coos Bay, Coquille River, depleted populations, Floras Lake, Kilchis River, Lower Umpqua River, Miami River, Middle Umpqua River, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca River, North Umpqua River, population biology, population count, Salmon River, Siletz River, Siltcoos Creek, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, South Umpqua River, statistical analysis, Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Tillamook Bay, Tillamook River, Trask River, Wilson River, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/25/739_08122008_154005_BRCohoTM91Final.pdf},
	author = {Wainwright, Thomas C. and Chilcote, Mark W. and Lawson, Peter W. and Nickelson, Thomas E. and Huntington, Charles W. and Mills, Justin S. and Moore, Kelly M. S. and Reeves, Gordon H. and Stout, Heather A. and Weitkamp, Laurie A.}
}
@article {51266,
	title = {Macroinvertebrate Report: Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit (2006-2007):  Final Report},
	year = {2008},
	note = {One way to measure a stream{\textquoteright}s health is to count the aquatic insects in it.  {\textquotedblleft}This report summarizes macroinvertebrate data collected in cooperation with the ODFW in the twenty-one independent coho populations units from 2006-2007. These data were collected by ODFW crews and analyzed by ODEQ staff. Biological integrity, temperature stress and fine sediment stress were evaluated for each of the twenty-one population units.{\textquotedblright} (p.4)   There are good data here.  },
	pages = {34 p.},
	institution = {Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality. Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division,},
	address = {Hillsboro, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea River, aquatic invertebrates, Beaver Creek, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coos Bay, Coquille River, ecosystem health, insects, Lower Umpqua River, Middle Umpqua River, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca River, Salmon River, sediment data, sediments, Siletz River, Siuslaw River, South Umpqua River, Tillamook Bay, water temperature, Yachats River, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://library.state.or.us/repository/2009/200902091133141/},
	author = {Hubler, Shannon and Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality. Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division, and Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board,}
}
@mastersthesis {37076,
	title = {Salmon Recovery in the Pacific Northwest:  Defining What Constitutes a Wild Salmon},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Attempts to define the concept of "wild" salmon as a continuum including hatchery fish. The author asserts that criticism of the effects of hatcheries on wild salmonids is influenced by values, not science. Includes statistics on hatcheries, wetland loss and runs. There are fascinating political overtones here. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Fisheries and Widlife, Fisheries Science.},
	pages = {47 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Masters Thesis},
	edition = {M.S.},
	chapter = {Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, Fisheries Science},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Beaver Creek, Coos Bay, Coquille Bay, depleted populations, habitats, hatcheries, hatchery salmonids, human impacts, Lower Umpqua River, Necanicum Bay, Nehalem Bay, Nestucca Bay, Oncorhynchus species, Salmon River Estuary, Siletz Bay, Siltcoos Creek, Siuslaw estuary, Sixes River estuary, Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, theses, Tillamook Bay, Upper Umpqua River, wild salmonids, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/2227ms50f},
	author = {Courter, Ian I.}
}
@article {37801,
	title = {Oregon Coastal Coho Assessment: Part 1: Synthesis of the Coastal Coho ESU Assessment{\textendash}Including: 1.Viability Analysis; 2.Population Bottlenecks; 3.Evaluation of Conservation Efforts; 4.Monitoring; 5.Current Threats to ESU Viability; 6.Adaptive Management  },
	year = {2005},
	note = {"May 6, 2005" -- date from front cover.  Full title: Oregon Coastal Coho Assessment:  Part 1: Synthesis of the Coastal Coho ESU Assessment {\textendash} Including: 1. Viability Analysis; 2. Population Bottlenecks; 3. Evaluation of Conservation Efforts; 4. Monitoring; 5. Current Threats to ESU Viability; 6. Adaptive Management Commitments
  This report is important because it identifies winter habitat for coho ("stream complexity") as the most important limiting factor for the Oregon Coast Evolutionary Significant Unit coho recovery and production.  Other limiting factors include hatchery impacts, water quantity, water quality, and exotic fish species. Identifies viable populations. Distinguishes between populations that can persist when marine and freshwater conditions are unfavorable and populations dependent on reproductive contributions from strays from other basins.  Preliminary analysis "suggests that winter habitat (i.e. stream complexity) is a higher priority for restoring coho populations across the ESU than water quality." (p.20)},
	pages = {69 p.},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Coho salmon =  Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coos Bay, Coquille Bay, ecosystem health, ecosystem modeling, Floras Lake, habitat restoration, hatcheries, hatchery salmonids, historical, human impacts, introduced species, Lower Umpqua River, Middle Umpqua River, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca River, North Umpqua River, reproductive behavior, Salmon River, Siletz River, Siltcoos Lake, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, South Umpqua River, straying, Tahkenitch Lake, Tenmile Creek, Tillamook Bay, water quality, wild salmonids, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/CRP/docs/coastal_coho/reference/SynthesisFinalReport.pdf},
	author = {Nicholas, Jay and McIntosh, Bruce and Bowles, Ed and Oregon. Watershed Enhancement Board and Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife,}
}
@article {76391,
	title = {Bibliography of the Siuslaw and Kuitsh Indians:  The Native Americans of the Siuslaw and Lower Umpqua Valleys, Central Oregon Coast},
	year = {1997},
	note = {This bibliography on the Siuslaw and Lower Umpqua Native Americans is a good place to start when studying these peoples.},
	keywords = {anthropology, archeology, bibliography, cultural, historical, Lower Umpqua River, Native Americans, Siuslaw River, Umpqua River},
	url = {https://waikowhai2.wordpress.com/siuslaw-and-kuitsh-indians/},
	author = {Macnaughtan, Don}
}
@book {31726,
	title = {The Effects of Stream Alterations on Salmon and Trout Habitat in Oregon},
	year = {1985},
	note = {Photocopy in ESA files, West Coast coho.},
	month = {1985},
	pages = {70 p.},
	publisher = {Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife},
	organization = {Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Butler Creek, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum salmon  = Oncorhynchus keta, Coho salmon =  Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coos River, Coquille River, cutthroat trout = Oncorhynchus clarki, depleted populations, ecosystem health, erosion, habitats, human impacts, hydrology, Kilchis River, landslides, Little Nestucca River, logging, Lower Umpqua River, Miami River, Mill Creek, Millicoma River, mining, North Umpqua River, Railroad Creek, Rock Creek, salmonid species, Sand Lake, Scholfield Creek, Siletz River, Siuslaw River, Smith River, sockeye salmon = Oncorhynchus nerka, South Umpqua River, Steamboat Creek, steelhead trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss, Tillamook River, Tillamook River Basin, Tioga Creek, Trask River, Wilson River, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/r494vk98q},
	author = {Bottom, Daniel L. and Howell, P. J. and Rogers, J. D. and Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife,}
}
