@article {82496,
	title = {Vertical zonation and niche breadth of tidal marsh plants along the northeast Pacific coast},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	note = {One of the most important factors in determining which plant species will be found in a marsh is its relative elevation above sea level. Salt marsh plants tend to be distributed in zones, according to the marsh{\textquoteright}s elevation. This phenomenon is called vertical zonation.  Rising sea levels in a changing climate threaten marsh vegetation, due to sensitivity to inundation and salinity. In this paper, the authors report on studies of twelve salt marshes along the West Coast, and take a closer look at vertical zonation.  They found {\textquotedblleft}that many common Pacific coast species occurred across a broad range of elevations{\textquotedblright} (p.96) and noted that this factor might allow these species to persist under moderate sea level rise.  They identify more sensitive species. While their work reinforces the importance of elevation, they also note site-specific variations, suggest areas for more study and advocate potential tactics to counter vegetation loss in the face of rising seas.},
	month = {2019, Jan.},
	pages = {p.85-98},
	keywords = {Baltic rush = Juncus balticus, Bolinas Lagoon, Chickenclaws = Sarcocornia perennis, climate change, Coos Bay, Coquille River estuary, Gray{\textquoteright}s Harbor, invasive species, Lyngbye{\textquoteright}s sedge = Carex lyngbyei, Mad River Slough, Morro Bay, San Diego Bay, sea levels, Seaside arrograss = Triglochin maritima, Siletz Bay, Silkweed = Potentilla anserine, Skokomish River, Stillaguamish River, Tijuana Estuary, vertical distribution, wetland vegetation, zonal distribution},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-018-0420-9},
	author = {Janousek, Christopher N. and Thorne, Karen M. and Takekawa, John Y.}
}
@article {80336,
	title = {Are coastal managers ready for climate change?  A case study from estuaries along the Pacific coast of the United States},
	journal = {Ocean \& Coastal Management},
	volume = {143},
	year = {2017},
	note = {This article explores concerns relating to climate change of coastal resource managers at six different National Wildlife Refuges in estuaries on the U.S. West Coast.  The authors conducted six workshops in 2014 in order to evaluate what managers understood about climate change, where they got information, how they used information, and how prepared they were to incorporate their understanding of climate change into their planning process.  {\textquotedblleft}We found that most resource managers understood the types of climate change impacts likely to occur in their estuaries, but often lacked the scientific information to make decisions and plan effectively{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract).  In general, more urban estuaries had more resources and felt better prepared to address the effects of climate change than rural estuaries.},
	pages = {p.38-50},
	keywords = {Siletz Bay, Nisqually, Willapa Bay, Humboldt Bay, San Pablo Bay, Tijuana Slough, climate, natural resource management, habitat conservation, sea levels, environmental education},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.02.010 },
	author = {Thorne, Karen M. and Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L. and Freeman, Chase M. and Bui, Thuy-Vy D. and Powelson, Katherine W. and Janousek, Christopher N. and Buffington, Kevin J. and Takekawa, John Y.}
}
@article {80421,
	title = {Inundation, vegetation, and sediment effects on litter decomposition in Pacific Coast tidal marshes},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Tidal wetlands efficiently store a significant amount of the world{\textquoteright}s carbon.  Rising sea levels will change this process.  This article investigates the nature of carbon storage in wetlands as sea levels rise.  The authors conducted inundation experiments and studied vegetation variation in Pacific Coast marshes.  {\textquotedblleft}Our data suggest that elevation gradients and vegetation structure in tidal marshes both affect rates of litter decay, potentially leading to complex spatial patterns in sediment carbon dynamics. Climate change may thus have direct effects on rates of decomposition through increased inundation from sea-level rise and indirect effects through changing plant community dynamics{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract). There is a dataset associated with this article, "Decomposition of plant litter in Pacific coast tidal marshes, 2014-2015."  It may be found at: http://doi.org/10.5066/F70P0X6C .},
	pages = {p.1296-1310},
	keywords = {Coos Bay, Siletz Bay, Nisqually (Wa.), Tufted harigrass = Deschampsia cespitosa, Saltgrass = Distichlis spicate, Pacific pickleweed = Salicornia pacifica, wetland vegetation, climate, sea levels},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-017-0111-6},
	author = {Janousek, Christopher N. and Buffington, Kevin J. and Guntenspergen, Glenn R. and Thorne, Karen M. and Dugger, Bruce D. and Takekawa, John Y.}
}
@article {77421,
	title = {Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity:  species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {548},
	year = {2016},
	note = {This paper addresses the question of the effect of rising sea levels on marsh vegetation.  The study contrasts two marshes, one at Petaluma, California, the other at Millport Slough in the Siletz River estuary.  The study employed PVC tubes arranged in a conventional {\textquotedblleft}marsh organ{\textquotedblright} design at six elevations in Millport Slough and 7 elevations at Petaluma Marsh.  The authors saw species-specific responses to rising sea levels, with high salt marsh species most sensitive and vulnerable.  We can expect to see changes in marsh composition, with more flooding-tolerant species predominating.  This is an Open-Access publication.},
	pages = {p.111-125},
	keywords = {Siletz River Estuary, Millport Slough, Petaluma Marsh, Tule Slough, Tufted harigrass = Deschampsia cespitosa, Baltic rush = Juncus balticus, Argentina anserine = silverweed cinquefoil, Creeping bentgrass = Agrostis stolonifera, saltmarsh, wetland vegeta},
	doi = {doi: 10.3354/meps11683},
	url = {http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m548p111.pdf },
	author = {Janousek, Christopher N. and Buffington, Kevin J. and Thorne, Karen M. and Guntenspergen, Glenn R. and Takekawa, John Y. and Dugger, Bruce D.}
}
@article {77331,
	title = {Statistical correction of lidar-derived digital elevation models with multispectral airborne imagery in tidal marshes},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	volume = {186},
	year = {2016},
	note = {A changing climate means changing sea levels.  Rising sea levels threaten coastal marshes.  In order to better plan for this change, airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) is commonly used to determine a base measurement, the digital elevation model, for coastal marshes.  Unfortunately, marsh vegetation can prevent this tool from accurately measuring marsh elevation.  This is a technical article about correcting lidar measurements by adjusting for distortions caused by vegetation.  The marsh at Millport Slough on Siletz Bay is among the marshes studied.  Physical parameters of the marsh and dominant vegetation are given.},
	month = {2016, Dec.1},
	pages = {p.616-625},
	keywords = {Siletz Bay, Millport Slough, Coos Bay, South Slough, Bandon Marsh, San Francisco Bay, Southern California, climate, sea level, salt marsh, wetland delineation, remote sensing, Creeping bentgrass = Agrostis stolonifera, Lyngbye{\textquoteright}s sedge = Carex lyngbyei,},
	doi = {doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020},
	author = {Buffington, Kevin J. and Dugger, Bruce D. and Thorne, Karen M. and Takekawa, John Y.}
}
